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Purpose@#Ectopic eruption can be defined as the emergence of a tooth in an abnormal location, where the tooth does not follow its typical eruption pathway. While ectopic eruption within the dentate region is well-documented in the literature, ectopic eruption in non-dentate regions is relatively rare. This study aimed to report 6 cases of ectopic teeth and present a systematic review of the English-language literature on ectopic teeth, emphasizing demographic characteristics, radiographic features, potential complications, and treatment options. @*Materials and Methods@#A literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. The demographic data and radiographic findings of patients presenting with ectopic teeth were recorded. @*Results@#The literature review yielded 61 cases of ectopic teeth, with patients ranging in age from 3 to 74 years. The findings from these previously reported cases demonstrated that the most common location for ectopic teeth was the maxillary sinus, which is consistent with this case series. The Pearson chi-square test was performed to evaluate the correlation between age and location of ectopic teeth, and the results were found to be statistically significant (P<0.05). However, no statistically significant relationship was observed between sex and the location of ectopic teeth. @*Conclusion@#The distinct features of these cases warrant reporting. This study presents the first case of supernumerary teeth in the condyle without any associated pathosis. Another notable characteristic is the pre-eruptive resorption of 2 inverted supernumerary teeth ectopically located in the palate, which predisposes to sinus opacification.
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Purpose@#The aim of this study was to evaluate 3-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of alveolar bone changes in patients who underwent minimally invasive periodontal surgery-namely, the pinhole surgical technique (PST). @*Materials and Methods@#Alveolar bone height was measured and compared on CBCT images of 254 teeth from 23 consecutive patients with Miller class I, II, or III recession who had undergone PST. No patient with active periodontal disease was selected for surgery. Two different methods were used to assess the alveolar bone changes postoperatively. In both methods, the distance between the apex of the tooth and the mid-buccal alveolar crestal bone on pre- and post-surgical CBCT studies was measured. @*Results@#An average alveolar bone gain >0.5 mm following PST was identified using CBCT (P=0.05). None of the demographic variables, including sex, age, and time since surgery, had any significant effect on bone gain during follow-up, which ranged from 8 months to 3 years. @*Conclusion@#PST appears to be a promising treatment modality for recession that results in stable clinical outcomes and may lead to some level of resolution on the bone level. More long-term studies must be done to evaluate the impact of this novel technique on bone remodeling and to assess sustained bone levels within a larger study population.
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Background: Flow characteristics of vinyl polysiloxane (VPS) impression materials are important determinants in the selection of impression materials for the fabrication of accurate indirect restorations. Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the flow of three commercially available VPS impression materials at different time intervals using a shark fin device (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany). Study Setting and Design: This in?vitro study was carried out at the prosthodontics department of a dental institution. Methods and Material: The height of the shark fin produced by each impression material determined the rate of flow. Statistical Analysis: The data were analysed using one?way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post?hoc Tukey’s test (p?0.05). Results: Shark fin height of group A VPS impression material was significantly higher at 30 and 120 seconds compared to group B and group C VPS impression materials. Shark fin height produced by group B VPS impression materials at 60 and 90 seconds was significantly higher than the group C VPS impression material but non?significant compared to group A. At 120 seconds, there was no significant difference in the shark fin heights of all the tested materials. Conclusion: All the materials exhibited adequate flow characteristics within clinically acceptable limits
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Background: Emerging data from in vivo and in vitro investigations have proven that Vitamin D deficiency may be a risk factor for the etiology of diabetes and its consequences; however, individual published studies have yielded conflicting results. The current study’s goal was to evaluate and correlate Vitamin D levels in the blood of diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy (DR), as well as to correlate Vitamin D with duration of diabetes, age and HbA1C. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate and correlate Vitamin D levels in the blood of diabetic patients with and without DR, and to correlate Vitamin D levels with age, duration of diabetes, and HbA1C. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional case-control study of 150 Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients (aged 35–70 years) was included. The 150 Type 2 Diabetic patients were separated into three groups: Group 1 (no DR, n = 52), Group 2 (non-proliferative DR [NPDR], n = 58), and Group 3 (PDR, n = 42). Enrolled participants were subjected to a thorough physical examination to rule out the occurrence of microvascular problems, which included microfilament testing and a thorough fundus examination. Serum samples were used to test fasting blood sugar, HbA1C, and serum Vitamin D. Results: T2DM subjects with DR had lower mean serum 25 (OH) D concentrations than patients without DR (21.5 ± 9.5 vs. 17.7 ± 10.2 vs. 14.4 ± 5.9; P = 0.04). Mean HbA1C concentration was significantly lower in No DR (NDR) in comparison to NPDR and PDR (7.6 ± 1.5; vs. 8.5 ± 1.9; vs. 9.3 ± 1.8; P = 0.037. In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between the blood 25 (OH) D level and age (–0.165; P = 0.015), diabetes duration (–0.172; P = 0.014), and HbA1C (–0.148; P = 0.040). Conclusion: The current investigation showed that patients with DR have lower levels of 25 [OH] D than those with non DR subjects. 25 [OH] D levels were negatively associated with age, duration of diabetes, and HbA1C.
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Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a construct that focuses on the capacity for living afforded by the health status of a patient. Measurement of HRQOL allows a composite estimation of the capacity for living of a patient and can help capture the suffering experienced by the patient due to adverse effects of therapeutic interventions. This study was conducted to understand the health-related quality of life of cancer patients undergoing various modalities of treatment to generate evidence source for need-based intervention, to assess patients diagnosed with cancers, using Health Utilities Index - 3 (HUI-3?) and assign them single-score values to gauge HRQOL and to measure the various domains of HRQOL and change in HRQOL after a period of three months of treatment. Methods: A descriptive, longitudinal study was conducted amongst patients aged more than 18 years, who were diagnosed with cancer at a tertiary care multispecialty hospital in New Delhi. They were administered a standardized HUI-3 Questionnaire? and their responses were recorded, simultaneously. Statistical significance for change in HRQOL score was assessed with paired t-test. Multivariate linear regression was used to identify the various correlates of HRQOL. Results: The mean (± standard deviation) overall HRQOL score for all participants was 0.71 (± 0.262) [range=-0.09 to 1.00]. A follow-up assessment was carried out after three months and changes in health scores were subsequently recorded. A significant decrease in mean overall HRQOL score was seen for the entire group after three months of having been administered treatment. Single-attributes of emotion and ambulation were maximally affected amongst cancer patients after three months of treatment. On linear regression analyses, baseline HRQOL was a significant correlate of HRQOL at follow-up after three months. Conclusion: Addressing the HRQOL of a cancer patient before starting treatment would address morbidity that might be present even after three months.
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Purpose@#The aim of this study was to characterize the cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) imaging features of central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) of the jawbone. @*Materials and Methods@#This study retrospectively reviewed 26 CBCT studies of histologically proven cases of CGCG during a period of 20 years, from 1999 to 2019. Patients’ demographic data were recorded, and radiographic features were assessed (location, border, cortication, appearance of the internal structure, locularity, septation, expansion, cortical perforation, effects on surrounding tissue, whether the lesion crossed the midline, and lesion volume). @*Results@#In this study, CGCGs were seen almost twice as often in the mandible than in the maxilla, and 64.7% of mandibular lesions involved the anterior region. Only 26.9% of lesions crossed the midline, a feature that was considered characteristic of CGCG. Furthermore, 65.4% of lesions were unilocular and 34.6% were multilocular. The correlation between a lesion’s size and its locularity was statistically significant, and larger lesions showed a multilocular appearance. The mean volume of multilocular lesions was greater than that of unilocular lesions. @*Conclusion@#CGCGs showed variable radiographic features on CBCT, and this imaging modality is highly effective at demonstrating the radiographic spectrum and lesional extent of CGCGs in the jawbone.
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Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding is the most common complaint in gynaecology and an important source of morbidity. The ideal diagnostic tool to determine the cause for the same continues to be debated. Objective of this study was to compare accuracy of hysteroscopy and transvaginal sonography in diagnosis of endometrial pathology in abnormal uterine bleeding.Methods: A total 100 women attending gynaecological outpatient in hospital attached to J. J. M. Medical College, Davangere with abnormal uterine bleeding fitting into the inclusion criteria during November 2014 to August 2016, were admitted and evaluated with Transvaginal sonography (TVS) and hysteroscopy. Data was collected and analysed.Results: Among 100 patients of AUB in this study, majority of the patients were in perimenopausal age group. Menorrhagia is the most common presentation (45%) followed by postmenopausal bleeding (20%). Anaemia was detected in 79% of patients. Hysteroscopy was taken as gold standard and TVS findings were compared. The sensitivity of TVS in detecting polyps, submucous fibroid were 22.2%, 11% respectively and for the normal variants like proliferative and secretory it was 50% and 79.2% respectively. TVS showed good correlation with hysteroscope findings for normal variants of endometrium, but poor correlation for intracavitary pathologies.Conclusions: Hysteroscopy is a rapid, safe, well tolerated and highly accurate means of diagnosing the cause of abnormal uterine bleeding in perimenopausal age group. Thus, it is advised as a first line investigation in evaluation of AUB.
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While silent sinus syndrome (SSS) is familiar to otolaryngologists and ophthalmologists, it is a rare clinical entity in dentistry and is likely to be underdiagnosed due to dentists’ lack of awareness of this condition. SSS presents a diagnostic challenge to dentists, as patients typically have no history of trauma or sinusitis. The characteristic feature of SSS is a gradual retreat of the maxillary sinus walls, resulting in enophthalmos and hypoglobus. Multidetector (multislice) computed tomography is the imaging modality of choice for SSS and other paranasal sinus diseases. Conebeam computed tomography promises to be an alternative low-dose imaging modality. This report describes 3 cases of SSS in adults, who had no identified clinical symptoms except diminutive and opacified maxillary sinuses, as wellas the inward bowing of the sinus walls as noted on cone-beam computed tomographic imaging.
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Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor after plasma cell neoplasms. Osteosarcoma has diverse histological features and is characterized by the presence of malignant spindle cells and pluripotent neoplastic mesenchymal cells that produce immature bone, cartilage, and fibrous tissue. Osteosarcoma most frequently develops in the extremities of long bones, but can occur in the jaw in rare cases. The clinical and biological behavior of osteosarcoma of the jaw slightly differs from that of long-bone osteosarcoma. The incidence of jaw osteosarcoma is greater in the third to fourth decades of life, whereas long-bone osteosarcoma mostly occurs in the second decade of life. Osteosarcoma of the jaw has a lower tendency to metastasize and a better prognosis than long-bone osteosarcoma. Radiographically, osteosarcoma can present as a poorly-defined lytic, sclerotic, or mixed-density lesion with periosteal bone reaction response. Multi-detector computed tomography is useful for identifying the extent of bone destruction, as well as soft tissue involvement of the lesion. The current case report presents a fibroblastic osteosarcoma involving the left hemimandible with very unusual radiographic features.
Subject(s)
Cartilage , Extremities , Fibroblasts , Incidence , Jaw , Neoplasms, Plasma Cell , Osteosarcoma , Prognosis , RadiographyABSTRACT
Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is an aggressive form of multiple myeloma where there is hematogenous spread of abnormal plasma cells into the periphery. This is opposed to multiple myeloma, where the abnormal plasma cells stay in the bone marrow. PCL is more common in males than females, and is also more common in African-Americans than Caucasians. Signs and symptoms of PCL include, but are not limited to, renal insufficiency, hypercalcemia, anemia, lytic bone lesions, thrombocytopenia, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly. Here, we discussed a case of a 71-year-old Caucasian female recently diagnosed with primary PCL with radiographic features of this disease throughout the body, with an emphasis on the maxillofacial skeleton and relevance from a dental standpoint.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Anemia , Bone Marrow , Hepatomegaly , Hypercalcemia , Leukemia, Plasma Cell , Maxilla , Multiple Myeloma , Pathology , Plasma Cells , Plasma , Renal Insufficiency , Skeleton , Splenomegaly , ThrombocytopeniaABSTRACT
To our knowledge, the imaging features of costochondral grafts (CCGs) on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) have not been documented in the literature. We present the case of a CCG in the facial soft tissue to the anterior mandible, with changes mimicking a cartilaginous neoplasm. This is the first report to describe the CBCT imaging features of a long-standing graft in the anterior mandible. Implants or grafts may be incidental findings on radiographic images made for unrelated purposes. Although most are well-defined and radiographically homogeneous, being of relatively inert non-biological material, immune reactions to some grafts may stimulate alterations in the appearance of surrounding tissues. Biological implants may undergo growth and differentiation, causing their appearance to mimic neoplastic lesions. We present the case of a cosmetic autogenous CCG that posed a diagnostic challenge both radiographically and histopathologically.
Subject(s)
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Genioplasty , Incidental Findings , Mandible , Mandibular Reconstruction , TransplantsABSTRACT
Mönckeberg sclerosis is a disease of unknown etiology, characterized by dystrophic calcification within the arterial tunica media of the lower extremities leading to reduced arterial compliance. Medial calcinosis does not obstruct the lumina of the arteries, and therefore does not lead to symptoms or signs of limb or organ ischemia. Mönckeberg sclerosis most commonly occurs in aged and diabetic individuals and in patients on dialysis. Mönckeberg arteriosclerosis is frequently observed in the visceral arteries, and it can occur in the head and neck region as well. This report describes a remarkable case of Mönckeberg arteriosclerosis in the head and neck region as detected on dental imaging studies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case that has been reported in which this condition presented in the facial vasculature. The aim of this report was to define the radiographic characteristics of Mönckeberg arteriosclerosis in an effort to assist health care providers in diagnosing and managing this condition.
Subject(s)
Humans , Arteries , Arteriosclerosis , Calcinosis , Compliance , Dialysis , Extremities , Head , Health Personnel , Ischemia , Lower Extremity , Monckeberg Medial Calcific Sclerosis , Neck , Tunica Media , Vascular CalcificationABSTRACT
In the prevention and control of malaria, Prompt and accurate diagnosis is the key to effective disease management. Giemsa microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are the diagnostic tests each with characteristic strengths and limitations is the best way for accurate diagnosis has a key role for malaria control successfully. Reduction in morbidity and drug resistance intensity of malaria require a parasite based diagnostic methods. A parallel commitment is needed in production of antimalarial drug or malaria vaccine along with improvement in diagnostic tests and their availability to people in endemic areas.endemic areas.
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Background : Diabetes mellitus is an increasingly common life-style disorder whose management outcomes are measured in symptomatic, biochemical as well as psychological areas. Well being as an outcome of treatment is being increasingly recognized as a crucial component of treatment. There is little published literature on psychosocial outcomes and the factors influencing them. Therefore we have developed a neural network system which is trained to predict the well being in diabetes, using data generated in real life. Material and Methods : We developed a Multi Layer Perceptron Neural Network model, which had been trained by back propagation algorithm. Data was used from a cohort of 241 individuals with diabetes. We used age, gender, weight, fasting plasma glucose as a set of inputs and predicted measures of well - being (depression, anxiety, energy and positive well-being). Results : It was observed that female patients report significantly higher levels of depression than their male counter parts. Some slight high or no significant differences are observed between males and female patients with regard to the number of persons with whom they share their anxieties and fears regarding diabetes. There is not much difference has been observed in energy levels of both males and females. Also, Males have higher pwb value when compared with the female counterparts. Also, this may be due to women tend to react more emotionally to disease and hence experience more difficulty in coping with it. The present sample of women being predominantly house wives may be worrying more about their health and its problems. Also, it is observed that, gender differences are significant with regard to total general well-being. With five inputs (age, sex, weight, fasting plasma glucose, bias), four outputs are four (depression, anxiety, energy and positive well-being) the momentum rate was 0.9, the learning rate 0.7, using a sample of 50. the maximum individual error is 0.001 when the number of iterations were 500, number of hidden layers is 1 and the number of units in the hidden layer are 6, the normalized system error was 470.57. With input samples of 100, 150 and 200, keeping the other variables constant, the normalized system error was 419.61, 359.67 and 332.32 respectively. Similar values are found for the normalized system error when the number of units in the hidden layer have been increased to 7, 8 and 9 respectively. With two hidden layers, and with each hidden layer containing 6,7,8,9,10,11 units for the samples 50,100,150, and 200, the same values of normalized system error was found.. Women having weight between 40kgs and 85kgs had higher levels of depression than men who had weight between 39kgs and 102kgs. Conclusion : We have developed a prototype neural network model to predict the psychosocial well-being in diabetes, when biological or biographical variables are given as inputs. When greater data was fed to the system, the normalized system error can be reduced. ©